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BACKGROUND: Digital devices have represented a fundamental resource for maintaining communication relationships during the period of restrictive measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. However it is evident that this period has contributed to increase the risks connected to the inappropriate use of digital devices. The aim of our study is to demonstrate how the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent lockdown had an impact on children's use of digital devices. METHOD(S): One hundred and thirty children aged between six and 18 from Montalto di Castro were recruited in the study carried out in November 2020. All participants were asked to fill in two identical questionnaires: questions of the first questionnaire were related to the pre-lockdown period, while questions of the second questionnaire were related to the period between March and November 2020. RESULT(S): The average age of the 130 participants was 11.8+/-2 years. The amount of time spent by using digital devices is significantly lower in the pre-lockdown period than in the lockdown period (P<0.02). The smartphone addiction index is significantly lower in the pre-lockdown period (P<0.001). The analysis of headaches in the early morning hours - considered as one of the effects deriving from the use of the smartphone before sleeping - showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There are also significant differences related to physical activity and its frequency, with data showing the increase of children who did not perform physical activity (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION(S): This study does not only show a constant increase over time of the smartphone/tablet use, but also how the pandemic and social restrictions have worsened the phenomenon itself. This is particularly evident for the duration of exposure to screens, the addiction to smartphones, the quality of sleep and the practice of physical activity.Copyright © 2021 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.
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Summary: Background. Due to similarities between the pathophysiological mechanisms of hereditary angioedema (HAE) and COVID-19, it has been hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger HAE attacks or, alternatively, that HAE patients may experience different of COVID-19 disease severity. Furthermore, the potential for COVID-19 vaccination to trigger angioedema attacks in patients with HAE is still not completely defined. The objective is to characterize the exacerbations and clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection and describe the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with HAE.Methods. Retrospective observational, descriptive, non-interventional, multicenter study conducted in four Allergy Units and Departments in Central Portugal between March 2020 and July 2022. HAE patient data were obtained from electronic medical records. Results. The study included 34 patients (67.6% female): 26 with HAE type 1, 5 with HAE type 2, and 3 with HAE with normal C1 inhibitor. Most patients with HAE type 1 and 2 were receiving long-term prophylaxis. Among the 32 patients who received COVID-19 vaccination, 86 doses, were administered with one angioedema attack (1.2%) associated with vaccination. A small increase in the average number of attacks was observed in the year following COVID vaccination (7.1 versus 6.2 in the previous year, p = 0.029), however, this difference is unlikely to be clinically significant, as the context of the COVID-19 pandemic likely introduced numerous confounders. During the study period, 16 HAE patients had COVID-19, all presenting with mild disease. Four out of 16 patients (25%) reported angioedema attacks during COVID-19, and 43.8% during the convalescence period (3 months after infection). Conclusions. Patients with HAE can safely receive COVID-19 vaccination. The severity of COVID-19 infection does not appear to be increased in HAE patients.
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Background: The potential aerosol spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) has been suggested. While indoor air sampling for SARS-CoV- 2 has demonstrated detectable viral RNA and has been related to virus transmission, the contribution of outdoor air to the spread of the viral infection is not yet known. We aimed at developing a methodology to detect the virus in outdoor air. Method(s): T he s ampling w as p erformed u sing a C HEMVOL v olumetric impactor (Butraco) equipped with 2 stages (PM > 10 & 2.5 > PM > 10um). Filters were collected and preserved at -80 degreeC. Total RNA extraction was performed directly from the collected filters with the Phenol-Chloroform method using TRItidy GTM reagent according to the manufacturer's instructions. For total RNA purification samples were purified with the commercial kit E.Z.N.A. Total RNA Kit I. Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR was executed to detect the N gene from the Sarbecovirus family and RdRp gene from SARS-CoV- 2 using the ViroReal Kit SARS-CoV- 2 Multiplex. A protein-rich fraction was obtained with ammonium bicarbonate buffer extraction followed by lyophilization. SARS-CoV- 2 spike protein was assessed by specific immunological detection (SARS-CoV- 2 Antigen Test Kit). Result(s): RT-PCR for N gene results, identifying Sarbecovirus family, were positive and Cq > 33, in the samples from the last week of December 2020 and the first and second weeks of January 2021, in both PM > 10 and 2.5 > PM > 10. The RdRp gene was undetectable, probably due to low virus concentration. The protein samples from the same days tested positive for the specific antigen spike protein. All results combined confirm the detection of SARS-CoV- 2 in outdoor air. Conclusion(s): Airborne SARS-CoV- 2 was detected in ambient air. These results will contribute to an early detection of SARS-Cov- 2 in ambient air, thus eventually providing the base for early alert systems allowing the implementation of preventive measures to control outbreaks.
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The use of information and communication technologies to promote health literacy has become a working tool for health professionals during the pandemic caused by covid-19. Social isolation had a direct impact on involuntary caregivers, by taking more permanent care of their family members. Access to health information was partially restricted to telephone contact or digital means. The accomplishment of this work aims to present the diagnosis of the health situation of the community nursing intervention project, called: Digital Health Literacy in the Training of Indirect Caregivers. The methodology used was health planning, through the application of a data collection instrument, in the time-space from April 14 to June 30, 2021, to 24 informal caregivers of users enrolled in an integrated continuous care team of the Group of Health Centers Lisbon Norte. It was found that caregivers are mostly female, predominantly caring for people over 80 years of age. Half of the respondents are actively working. There is a weaker level of health literacy in the area of health promotion. In a situation where they do not know how to act, they request support from health professionals, and the search for videos is also referred to as a valid source of information. A better knowledge of the population about the accessibility of health information through digital technologies promotes healthy, preventive, and protective lifestyles. Nurses, as a promoter of better health of the population, play a major role in the training of groups and communities, through information and communication technologies. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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COVID-19 is an infectious disease with respiratory transmission caused by the new coronavirus. Due to the high viral transmissibility, sports activities were severely impacted all over the world and in Brazil football was paralyzed for about four months. The objective of this study was to identify the activities with the highest risk of Covid-19 transmission in a professional soccer club in Rio de Janeiro based on a cross-sectional study with a semi-quantitative emphasis. The results showed that physical training showed a greater number of touches (105) with a high prevalence of hand on the ball (94%). The antibody search found that 24,2% tested positive for IgG during the study. During the training phase, no cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission between players and staff were identified. It is believed that biosafety measures and the individual and collective commitment of everyone to social isolation and hygiene measures are an important strategy for the viability of sports activities.
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The essay analyzed the situation of the pandemic of COVID-19, presenting the existing interfaces between the environment, the economic development model and public health. As a starting point, it considered the understanding of the pandemic of COVID-19 as a complex problem and proposed an explanatory modeling, here called ecosystemic, to help the necessary integrated actions in its confrontation. Based on the concept of social reproduction, we have analyzed the determinants at the macro and micro contexts, that are in interaction at the different levels of "biocommunal”, "self-awareness and conduct”, "techno-economic”, and "ecological-political”. The identification of this set of interdependent conditioning factors has made it possible to characterize the socio-environmental vulnerabilities that must be considered when making public policies decisions. © 2023 Universidade Federal do Parana. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Coronaviruses (CoV) is a diverse group of viruses that has been described in the literature since 1960, SARS, MERS, and the most recent SARS-CoV-2. This new virus is causing a worldwide pandemic outbreak in the first half of 2020, thousands of deaths, and a signifi-cant economic crisis. Objective(s): Due to this new context, the present study aimed to conduct a systematic study review of the new Coronavirus's global status (COVID-2019) and its aspects compared to the previous SARS-CoV infections MERS-CoV. Method(s): The study was conducted from January to September 2020, 89 clinical cases were sub-mitted to further analysis, and 77 studies were selected for systematic review under the PRISMA guidelines. Conclusion(s): In some countries, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic appears to be out of control. In case of suspicion, tests are essential to identify the early stages of infection. If necessary, patients need to go into quarantine, and other public health measures should be taken following the World Health Organization guidelines. Advanced support is needed to identify and isolate infected patients, espe-cially vaccines and medicines that help control the virus and the epidemiological situation in each country. These measures are expected to reduce the rate of new cases of SARS-CoV-2.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Objective: Evaluate the impact of real life use of remdesivir (RDV) as treatment for hypoxemic SarsCoV2 Pneumonia. Method(s): Of 1155 consecutive adult subjects hospitalised with SarsCov2 infection, we selected only those with cumulative evidence of: 1. positive PCR test;2. Radiologically confirmed pneumonia;3. Hypoxemia and need of supplementary O2 (>= 24%). We compared those treated with RDV versus those receiving Standard of Care (SoC), in terms of mortality, length of hospital stay and secondary effects of treatment. Result(s): 843 subjects were treated with RDV and 312 with SoC. In the RDV group, 97.1% patients were also receiving Dexamethasone (DEXA) and mean age was 69.7 (+/-14.4) years with 61.8% male prevalence, as opposed to the SoC group that registered 73.9 (+/-14.5) years and 49.7% male prevalence. Both groups had similar prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and Chronic Lung Disease;Overweight was more prevalent in the RDV group whereas Immunosuppressant conditions and Smoking were more frequent in the SoC subjects. Concerning the proposed outcomes: a) RDV patients had a mean Hospital Stay 4.25 days inferior than SOC subjects (p=0.002);b)The relative risk of death during hospital stay in the RDV group was 0.47 [0.38;0.60] when compared to those in the SoC group;c) 9 subjects in the SoC group (0.03%) and 12 patients in the RDV group (0.014%) had secondary effects attributable to treatment drugs, all resolved with treatment interruption. Conclusion(s): The use of RDV with DEXA in SARSCoV-2 Hypoxemic Pneumonia significantly reduced mortality and hospital stay, and registered no significant side effects in a real life cohort of consecutively enrolled patients.
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The problem-based learning (PBL) methodology has been applied in a set of chemistry courses at the University of Barcelona to determine the main factors that are relevant to a satisfactory application of this educational approach in different contexts (from undergraduate to master subjects). The exceptional situation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has also forced us to adapt this methodology from the traditional face-to-face modality to an online version. Thus, the resulting comparative study has allowed us to identify the main aspects of each subject, student background, and modality used, which are relevant to a satisfactory application of PBL. In general, the application of the PBL methodology using Moodle and BBCollaborate as live teaching platforms has a positive impact on student learning and satisfaction. Interestingly, although the face-to-face implementation is preferred to the online modality, students evaluate positively the application of online PBL with respect to the traditional online teaching. Thus, the intrinsic characteristics of PBL, which enhance the learning motivation with suitable problems to be solved in groups, makes this required collaborative work a key point to facilitate student learning. © 2023 American Chemical Society.
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Introduction: Patients with congenital bleeding disorders (CBD) have an increased bleeding tendency, which varies according to the factor deficiency and severity. In most cases, prolonged bleeding is observed after trauma, surgery and/or invasive procedures. Haemostatic treatment is needed to prevent bleeding complications and allow a good clinical outcome. Our aim is to evaluate the management of patients with CBD in minor procedures. Method(s): Retrospective study of patients with CBD who performed minor procedures over a 7-year period, through review of clinical files. Result(s): Between January 2015 and December 2021, 249 minor procedures were performed in 113 patients with CBD: 42 had diagnosis of Haemophilia A (HA) (15 severe without inhibitors;3 severe with inhibitors;4 moderate and 20 mild);12 had Haemophilia B (HB) (7 severe without inhibitors;2 moderate and 3 mild);5 were carriers of HA and 2 of HB. 35 had von Willebrand disease (VWD);15 had rare bleeding disorders (8 FVII deficiency;6 FXI deficiency;1 FX deficiency) and 2 had diagnosis of inherited platelet glycoprotein deficiencies (1 Glanzmann thrombasthenia and 1 Bernard Soulier syndrome). Most procedures were dental treatments (189);synoviorthesis/ infiltration/mesotherapy (17);endoscopies and colonoscopies (15);skin lesions excision (8);COVID-19 vaccination (5);sebaceous cyst excision (4);cardiac catheterization (3);ureteral stent removal (3);bone marrow biopsy (2);cystoscopy (2) and breast fibroadenoma excision (1). Prophylactic treatment was performed in 237 (95%) of the procedures, respectively FVIII concentrate factor (59);FIX concentrate factor (27);DDAVP (66);von Willebrand factor/factor VIII concentrates (44);bypassing agents (24);platelet (6);inactivated human plasma (9);tranexamic acid (47) and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (161). No side effects were reported. Discussion/Conclusion: Most patients that underwent minor procedures had Haemophilia and VDW(83%). The most common procedure was dental treatment (76%). Patients with CBD require attention and special care in dental practice. The haemostatic prophylactic treatment varies according to the specific haemostatic defect, severity and type of procedure. The treatment performed has been demonstrated safe and effective, with low incidences of haemorrhagic and treatment-related complications. These patients' treatment requires multidisciplinary teams and reference centres.
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Aim and Objectives: To characterize the functional recovery of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months post-discharge. Method(s): We are conducting a multi-regional prospective cohort study in hospitalized COVID-19 patients 18 years and older in Canada. Patients are assessed upon admission and at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months follow-up. Data collection is completed via telephone interviews in addition to home visits. Outcomes include the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care Mobility and Cognition scales and lung function. Result(s): Preliminary data from 242 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (60.1 +/- 13.0 yrs) indicate that the most common self-reported symptoms are fatigue (47%) and shortness of breath (35%) at 12-months follow-up. Our lung function data suggests that 39-46% of post-acute patients with COVID-19 have impaired FEV1 (<80% predicted), and 38- 49% have impaired FVC (<80% predicted) at 3-,6-, 9- and 12-month follow-up. At 12-months, 38-45% of patients continue to have clinically important deficits in cognition and mobility below premorbid levels, respectively, and 55.4% of patients report that COVID-19 continues to impact their daily life activities (Figure 1). Conclusion(s): There is a high prevalence of functional limitations in COVID-19 survivors over 12 months of followup. Our data support the need for multi-disciplinary rehabilitation for patients post-hospitalisation for COVID-19.
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The problem-based learning (PBL) methodology has been applied in a set of chemistry courses at the University of Barcelona to determine the main factors that are relevant to a satisfactory application of this educational approach in different contexts (from undergraduate to master subjects). The exceptional situation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has also forced us to adapt this methodology from the traditional face-to-face modality to an online version. Thus, the resulting comparative study has allowed us to identify the main aspects of each subject, student background, and modality used, which are relevant to a satisfactory application of PBL. In general, the application of the PBL methodology using Moodle and BBCollaborate as live teaching platforms has a positive impact on student learning and satisfaction. Interestingly, although the face-to-face implementation is preferred to the online modality, students evaluate positively the application of online PBL with respect to the traditional online teaching. Thus, the intrinsic characteristics of PBL, which enhance the learning motivation with suitable problems to be solved in groups, makes this required collaborative work a key point to facilitate student learning. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc.
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Purpose: This paper aims to contribute to the discussion of the following questions: How can the digital transition improve the management of the operation and maintenance of infrastructure in health-care facilities? What is the legacy for facility management (FM) teams in this post-COVID-19 management of hospital buildings? Design/methodology/approach: Based on a literature review, this paper analyses and categorises existing research on the digital challenges for FM from 2011 until 2021 by conducting a qualitative and quantitative method of bibliometric analysis and discussing the status of digital transition impact on FM of the hospital buildings. Findings: The trends and challenges of building information modelling, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things identified and discussed in this paper aim to be as comprehensive as possible to grasp the situation of digital transition in the FM industry in the hospital buildings context. Regarding digital maturity, the limited number of publications highlights that control and management systems cannot fully manage the entire operational phase of hospital buildings. Giving intelligence to buildings will undoubtedly be the future. So making buildings reactive, interactive and immersive is an inevitable transformation for intelligent hospital building systems. Thus, the added value of digitalisation will help facility managers to overcome the issues pointed out in this paper to deal with the growing health demands and enable them to mitigate the impacts of a new and future pandemic. Originality/value: The novelty of this paper is classifying and unifying facility managers' tendencies regarding high-level information management issues, which are lacking in the literature, with a focus on the approaches with potential and higher impact on FM in the hospital building context and the related steps that should be considered regarding data collection and data structures. These tendencies provide a set of new intelligent approaches and tools, which will increase the efficiency of processes, significantly impacting the potential of optimisation. Also, these trends can improve planning and management of scope, costs, environment and safety in the value chain of projects and assets, thus creating a more resilient and sustainable industry for facility managers in this post-COVID-19 management for hospital buildings. ©, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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The present study aimed to observe and describe the phenomenon of Binge Watching among the adolescent population during the health emergency period caused by the SARSCoV-2 pandemic and to identify the socio-demographic variables which are most correlated to this behavior. The study involved 376 adolescents attending a secondary school in Brescia, to whom was administered the Binge Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire (BWESQ). The results showed that the majority of adolescents dedicate a portion of their free time to watching TV series: this behavior mainly involves females and young adolescents;it is a typically solitary hobby, pursued through the mobile phone during the evening hours, after dinner. In addition, a certain number of subjects who practice a problematic Binge Watching was found: although we do not believe that this phenomenon is attributable to the cluster of behavioral addictions, further studies are needed to investigate this practice, especially in relation to the lockdown periods linked to the Covid-19 pandemic. Such studies are particularly relevant to better understand the attitudes of adolescents towards digital media – especially TV series – and to promote effective education plans that limit abusive behaviors. Copyright © FrancoAngeli.
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Objectives: to evaluate the dimensional validity of the perception scale of the risk of contracting COVID-19 and its association with sociodemographic and occupational factors, as well as with sleep complaints, among healthcare workers. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out between May and August 2020, involving healthcare workers from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. They filled in an online questionnaire regarding their work activities, risk perception of contracting COVID-19, and health behavior. We used factor analysis and binomial and multinomial regression models, adjusted for confounders. Results: 2,996 workers participated. Factor analysis confirmed the scale unidimensionality. Greater chances of high-risk perception were reported by women;caretakers of children/ elderly;those with a work journey of more than 40h/week;workers from primary health care and emergency units, and from general and specialized hospitals. High risk perception was associated with altered sleep duration (OR = 2.39;95%CI = 1.95;2.94), use (OR = 2.08;95%CI = 1.67;2.58) and increased dose of sleep medications (OR = 1.91;95%CI = 1.47;2.48). Conclusion: risk perception was associated with women, caretakers of children/elderly, longer working hours, sleep complaints, and use of sleeping pills. Investigating factors associated with stressful events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can support actions planning aimed at preventing diseases among healthcare workers.
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Staphylococcus aureus is a food quality indicator microorganism commonly found in human mucous membranes. With the emergence of the virus related to SARS-CoV-2, several prevention protocols were established. Therefore, this study assessed whether the adoption of SARS-CoV-2 protocols influenced the presence of S. aureus in beef samples. We analyzed the S. aureus results of 3654 beef samples between April and September 2019 and 2020. Mean percentages of the population of S. aureus were different between years (2.63%-2019;1.13%-2020), revealing that after the adoption of the SARS-CoV-2 protocols there was a decrease in the presence of S. aureus. Concomitantly, a significant difference was also presented in the annual means of S. aureus load counts (2.30 log of CFU/g in 2019, and 1.60 log of CFU/g in 2020), of the sets of beef samples analyzed. Therefore, we suggest that the measures used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 can continue to be applied even after the pandemic, especially in the stages that involve beef handling in slaughterhouses.
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Objetivos: A COVID-19 foi a doenca que causou o quadro de pandemia, ocasionando diversos casos e obitos ao longo do mundo. Uma estrategia para o tratamento de quadros graves da COVID-19 foi o uso de plasma convalescente, obtido de doadores convalescentes da doenca, com alta producao de anticorpos, de forma a permitir a neutralizacao do virus e melhora no quadro clinico. Embora muitos estudos destaquem o uso do plasma convalescente, poucos descrevem propostas para coletar plasma com concentracao de anticorpos anti-Spike aceitaveis para o uso em individuos acometidos com a forma grave da COVID-19. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores sociodemograficos ligados a producao de anticorpos IgG anti-Spike em candidatos a doacao de plasma convalescente na cidade de Manaus-AM. Material e metodos: Foram incluidos no estudo 123 candidatos a doacao de plasma convalescente, do genero masculino, que tiveram o diagnostico da COVID-19 30 dias antes da doacao, sem historico de vacinacao previa. Foi realizada uma coleta de 4 mL do sangue periferico para obtencao do soro, utilizado para quantificacao de anticorpos IgG anti-Spike por quimioluminescencia, expressos em AU/mL, atraves do kit Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott). Os doadores foram segregados com base na concentracao de anticorpos em baixa producao (< 50 AU/mL), producao intermediaria (50-1,280 AU/mL) e alta producao (> 1,280 AU/mL), segundo informacoes do kit, e recomendacao internacional. Os dados sociodemograficos de idade, genero, cor de pele, indice de massa corporal (IMC), uso de ventilacao mecanica e dias internados foram utilizados para fins de comparacao entre os grupos. Foi realizado o teste de ANOVA, Qui-Quadrado e teste exato de Fisher para comparacao dos dados sociodemograficos, alem dos testes de correlacao de Spearman. Resultados: Nossos dados demonstraram uma maior prevalencia de doadores com alto indice de IMC na populacao de alto produtores de anticorpos (p = 0.0254). Alem disso, tambem observamos que a concentracao dos anticorpos IgG anti-Spike apresentou grau de correlacao positiva com a idade (r = 0.240;p = 0.008) e IMC (r = 0.247;p < 0.006). Discussao: Nossos resultados demonstram uma relacao entre a idade e o IMC na producao de anticorpos anti-Spike em doadores convalescentes com alta concentracao de anticorpos. Essa relacao pode estar atrelada a efeitos de imunomodulacao, bem como ao grau de lesao tecidual e sistemico apresentado pelos pacientes mais velhos e/ou com maior IMC. A relacao desses fatores com a producao de anticorpos ainda e uma area pouco explorada, o que salienta a necessidade de compreender os mecanismos imunologicos associados a producao de anticorpos, junto com a protecao dos pacientes convalescentes. Conclusao: Nosso estudo demonstrou que o IMC dos acometidos pela COVID-19 pode contribuir para a alta producao de anticorpos de classe IgG anti-Spike. No entanto, estudos adicionais sao necessarios para compreender os aspectos imunologicos associados a maior protecao da populacao, bem como producao de anticorpos com maior eficacia pelos individuos acometidos pela COVID-19. *AM e AGC contribuiram igualmente para este trabalho. Copyright © 2022
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During the pandemic, people were asked to stay at home, which increased the demand for software. The quality of the software is improving as a result of this trend. In response, companies have accelerated their digitization processes to provide better quality software that is more accessible, user-friendly, and secure. Since the pandemic, software development teams around the world have struggled to meet deadlines during uncertain times. This poster addresses the difficulties developers and designers face in developing and managing digital health software. This is due to the growing appeal of low and no-code platforms that are becoming more accessible and user-friendly to non-programmers. The goal of this project is to develop and evaluate a prototype digital health component library known as LICOR. This software development kit contains integrated digital components designed specifically for the digital health industry. It helps even non-experts create effective digital health products. The design approach was developed by combining various theories and techniques such as design system principles, domain-oriented design, micro front-ends, and microservices. The methodology is based on the design-based research approach, which combines theoretical research with working and coded software artifacts to enable real-world testing. We are interested in contributions from the community and would be happy to discuss ethical concerns, bias, and illiteracy in digital health with academics. Finally, we discuss future research opportunities and the difficulties of connecting the design phase with the development phase in digital health software development. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.